- Most of user now days use computer with GUI to interact with the program.
- In the world of software development & system administration the program don’t have/ don’t need them (GUI).
- Like the server program, it’s placed in a data center and without monitor. One way we interact with the server or program that don’t have a GUI is through command line.
- Command line is text based interface where we type command and get direct text input and output to screen/files/other program.
- The environment we use is SHELL/command line interpreter, many shell variation out there.
- The SHELL is default user interface to LINUX. On the GUI based you could use the TERMINAL.
- Start in 1971 by Thompson Shell for UNIX.
- Common Linux use BASH SHELL (Bourne Again Shell).
When the shell started its showed prompt by default.
The Prompt example:
farihin@farihin-server:~$
root@farihin-server:~#
The promp give you some information, like the example above:
farihin/root = username currently used
farihin-server = hostname/computer name
$ = using shell as normal user
# = using shell as super user (root)
~ = showing home/parent directory
root folder and root user is different thing.
Basic shell command:
|
Command
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Description
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cat [filename]
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Display file’s contents to the standard output
device
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(usually your monitor).
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cd /directorypath
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Change to directory.
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chmod [options] mode filename
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Change a file’s permissions.
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chown [options] filename
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Change who owns a file.
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clear
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Clear a command line screen/window for a fresh
start.
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cp [options] source destination
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Copy files and directories.
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date [options]
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Display or set the system date and time.
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df [options]
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Display used and available disk space.
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du [options]
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Show how much space each file takes up.
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file [options] filename
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Determine what type of data is within a file.
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find [pathname] [expression]
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Search for files matching a provided pattern.
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grep [options] pattern [filesname]
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Search files or output for a particular pattern.
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kill [options] pid
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Stop a process. If the process refuses to stop, use
kill -9 pid.
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less [options] [filename]
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View the contents of a file one page at a time.
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ln [options] source [destination]
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Create a shortcut.
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locate filename
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Search a copy of your filesystem for the specified
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filename.
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lpr [options]
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Send a print job.
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ls [options]
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List directory contents.
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man [command]
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Display the help information for the specified
command.
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mkdir [options] directory
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Create a new directory.
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mv [options] source destination
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Rename or move file(s) or directories.
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passwd [name [password]]
|
Change the password or allow (for the system
administrator) to
|
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change any password.
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ps [options]
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Display a snapshot of the currently running
processes.
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pwd
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Display the pathname for the current directory.
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rm [options] directory
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Remove (delete) file(s) and/or directories.
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rmdir [options] directory
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Delete empty directories.
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ssh [options] user@machine
|
Remotely log in to another Linux machine, over the
network.
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Leave an ssh session by typing exit.
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su [options] [user [arguments]]
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Switch to another user account.
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tail [options] [filename]
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Display the last n lines of a file (the
default is 10).
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tar [options] filename
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Store and extract files from a tarfile (.tar) or
tarball (.tar.gz or .tgz).
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top
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Displays the resources being used on your system.
Press q to Exit
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touch filename
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Create an empty file with the specified name.
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who [options]
|
Display who is logged on.
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